R. Balamurugan ¹, D. Chandrasekaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Vet. College & Res. Instt., Tamil Nadu Veterinary & Animal Sci. Univ., Namakkal, TN, IN

Abstract

A biological trial in broilers was conducted with seven treatments: T1- Control (without enzyme); T2 - 500 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme; T3 -1000 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme; T4-500 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme + Phytase, 0.2 per cent DCP reduction; T5-1000 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme + Phytase, 0.4% DCP reduction; T6- 500 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme, 2.5% reduction of metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine; T7 1000 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme, 5% reduction of metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine. The weight gain (g) recorded in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 groups was 1485, 1561, 1600, 1529, 1451, 1417 and 1449 respectively. No significant difference was recorded between the control and enzyme added groups. Significantly (P<0.01) lower feed intake was observed in T6, T2 and T7 compared to T1. The feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.05) better in T2 (1.50) and T3 (1.52) compared to T1 (1.65). A significant or numerical increase in the blood glucose levels was observed in the enzyme supplemented groups compared to the control in before, after 1hr, after 2 hr and after 3hr feeding periods.

Keywords

Broiler, Poultry, Enzyme, Phytase, Weight Gain, Feed, Blood Glucose

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R. Balamurugan , D. Chandrasekaran , A. Kirubakaran

Abstract

A biological trial in broilers was conducted with 7 treatments namely control (T1) as per nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994) specification, (T2) control plus 0.05 and (T3) 0.1% enzyme and control plus 0.05 and 0.1% enzyme, with (T4) 0.2%, (T5) 0.4% reduction in dicalcium phosphate with enzyme mixtures plus phytase with (T6) 2.5% and (T7) 5% reduction in metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and DL methionine with enzyme mixtures at 0.05 and 0.1% respectively. The villi height (μ) and villi width (μ) significantly (P<0.01) increased in enzyme treated groups (T2, T3, T4, T5&T7 and T2, T3, T4, T5, T6&T7 respectively) compared to that of control group. The number of crypts and goblet cells were decreased due to enzyme supplementation in T4, T5 and T7. The crypt height, crypt width and goblet cell height (μ) were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in all enzyme added groups than the control group. Similarly, the goblet cell width was reduced in T2, T4 and T5. No significant difference was noticed in intestinal weight (g/kg body wt.) and length (cm/kg body wt.) among the treatment groups.

Keywords

Enzyme, Phytase, Villi, Crypt, Goblet Cell, Intestine

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R. Balamurugan ¹, S. Inbakumar ¹, R. G. Sethuraman ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641049, TN, IN

Abstract

The judiciary has viewed the human rights on one hand and the environmental protection on the other hand as the two faces of the same coin. In modern India, environmental Jurisprudence has gone a long way in acquiring a very seminal importance leaving behind the engraved British Juristic notions as out dated and insufficient. The damage caused to environment by poisonous gases and emissions, industrial effluents, plastic waste, exploitation of natural resources like soil, forests, water supplemented by other equally important factors like poverty, growing population, health hazards, degeneration in quality of life have acquired alarming proportions which cry for a new environmental ethic order and justice in Indian society. Regrettably in India, the initial phase of judicial response to the problems of environment has been of insensitivity and apathy towards environmental issues and problems. The judiciary as a guardian of fundamental right has protected the right of each individual in relation to environment under Art.21 of the Constitution of India. A constitution is a set of laws that a set of people have made and agreed upon for government [1]. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. The term Constitution can be applied to any overall system of law that defines the functioning of a government, including the development of modern codified environment law. An attempt has been made to analyze how some of the Articles in Constitution of India and the relative judgments have contributed to the enrichment of environmental jurisprudence and to the development of environmental Policies. The analysis seeks the specific content of each judgment and draws a broader picture from part third of the Constitution of India for the protection and development of environment Policies.

Keywords

Constitution of India, Environmental Jurisprudence

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G. Kohila Warnan ¹, R. Balamurugan ¹

Affiliations
1 Vels University, Chennai - 600117, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The development in railway sector resulted in an increase in railway traffic. Due to absence of technology the number of accidents in railway has increased. This article discuss on how to prevent these accidents. Method/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, the proposed system uses Android supported embedded systems which aim at alerting the drivers/ Railway loco pilot to prevent the collisions. The proposed system would overcome the existing wireless sensors based Anti- Collision Device (ACD). Findings: The proposed system makes use of the Android device for visual display, Wireless sensors and Microcontrollers. It also uses the GPS system for location tracking and GSM technology for wireless transmission. The proposed system aims at maintaining a safe distance of 1Km between the trains, and object collision avoidance. On detection of a fault/upcoming collision the device will alert the drivers/Railway loco pilots and shows a visual display on the Android device about the upcoming fault and the distance between them. Applications/Improvement: This system also aims at prevention of other train accidents such as fire accidents, object collision, etc. This system provides speed controllers, alerts on signal over jumping.

Keywords

Android Device, Microcontroller, Receiver, Transmitter, Wireless Sensors.

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S. P. Harisubramanyabalaji ¹, C. A. Sribalaji ¹, A. Vivek ¹, G. Vigneshwaran ¹, S. Abhishek ¹, R. Balamurugan ¹, R. Panneer ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To develop a theoretical model to predict the surface Roughness (R_a) of different metallic surfaces using acoustic signals. Methods: Acoustic signals are generated with the help of dry friction contact between two metallic surfaces. In this work, Cast iron and Mild Steel Samples from different machining processes are collected and the dry friction contact is made with HSS and Tungsten Carbide Tools to generate the acoustic signals. The acoustic signals obtained through a microphone are processed using MATLAB. Number of Samples versus Amplitude is plotted and then the resulting output is plotted as Time versus Amplitude. Subsequently the external noises from the acoustic signals are removed to get a reliable roughness value. Findings: The maximum amplitudes of the samples are tabulated and used for the deriving model for the surface roughness prediction. Theoretical model of HSS with various machining processes samples is y = 1.6865 ln(x) + 8.9978. Theoretical model of Tungsten carbide with various machining processes samples is y = 6.302 ln(x) + 27.337. Both the models are correlating with a trend line of 0.9. Application: This theoretical model can be used to predict the surface roughness (R_a) of metallic surfaces. This approach can be implemented in surface finish measuring devices.

Keywords

Acoustic Signals, Amplitude, Microphone, Metallic Surfaces, Surface Roughness.

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